نشریه علمی

خوانش بیوفیلیایی بر منظر زیست‌پذیر در گذر از حیاط خانه‌های بافت قدیم قزوین

دوره 17، شماره 73
زمستان 1404
صفحه 12-23

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه معماری، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران

چکیده
حیاط در ساختار فضایی مسکن به‌عنوان مرکز فعالیت‌های مشترک جایگاه و ضرورت ویژه‌ای دارد و بخش زیادی از عملکردهای خانه متأثر از آن است. حیاط در خانۀ ایرانی به‌عنوان مکان زندگی و منظری زیست‌پذیر، جهان صغیری در دل جهان کبیر جلوه می‌کند. طرح‌اندازی مسکن نیز از حیاط آغاز و مقام و مرتبۀ فضاهای بستۀ پیرامونی از نحوۀ ارتباطشان با حیاط معین می‌شود. این مقاله، منظر زیست‌پذیر حیاط خانۀ ایرانی را با دیدگاه بیوفیلیایی خوانش می‌کند و در این راه به ارزیابی و تطبیق زیست‌پذیری حیاط‌ها در خانه‌های بافت قدیم شهر قزوین می‌پردازد. روش پژوهش استدلال منطقی و قیاسی است که با شبیه‌سازی نمونه‌های منتخب خانه‌ها در نرم‌افزار دپت‌مپ، ارزیابی و تحلیل و درنهایت خوانش تطبیقی نمونه‌ها با تکیه‌بر شاخص‌های توأمان منظر زیست‌پذیر و بیوفیلیک در سه بُعد محیطی، کالبدی و عملکردی انجام شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد هندسۀ حیاط و پس از آن جانمایی با توجه به تأثیر بر سطح چشم‌انداز داخلی در مقادیر خروجی نرم‌افزار، مهم‌ترین عامل در این خوانش است. تعداد فضاهای باز تأثیر بیش‌تری بر شاخص انسجام فضایی دارد و مساحت، کم‌اهمیت‌ترین عامل در این ارزیابی شناخته می‌شود؛ زیرا اثرگذاری آن به وضعیت دیگر عوامل (هندسه- جانمایی- تعداد) وابسته است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Biophilic Reading of the Livable Landscape through the Courtyards in the Old Houses of Qazvin

نویسنده English

Hosna Varmaghani
Department of Architecture, Qa .c., Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده English

 The courtyard holds a special and important position in the spatial structure of housing as the center of shared activities, influencing a large part of the house’s functions. In the Iranian house, the courtyard, as a place of life and a livable landscape, appears as a microcosm within the larger world. The layout of the house begins from the courtyard, and the status and rank of the surrounding enclosed spaces are determined by their relationship with the courtyard. This paper interprets the livable landscape of the Iranian house courtyard from a biophilic perspective and evaluates the livability of courtyards in historic houses in the old fabric of Qazvin city. The research adopted logical and deductive reasoning, supported by the simulation of selected house samples using Depthmap software. The evaluation and analysis were carried out using a comparative reading of the samples based on combined indicators of livable and biophilic landscapes across three dimensions: environmental, physical, and functional. The results indicate that courtyard geometry, followed by spatial location (due to its impact on the extent of interior views), is the most important factor in this interpretation, according to software output values. The number of open spaces has a greater influence on the spatial cohesion index, while area is identified as the least significant factor in this assessment, as its effect depends on other factors (geometry, location, and number).

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Livable landscape
  • Biophilic
  • Courtyard
  • House
  • Qazvin
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