نوع مقاله : نقطهنظر/ سرمقاله
نویسنده
گروه معماری منظر، دانشکدۀ معماری، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
The emergence of the word development often evokes a subconscious sense of improvement. Then shifts to the emergence of development manifestation, bringing an end to the adversity of life in the past. Science and the benefits of science-based civilization replace traditional life with gradual and slow growth. Developers quickly address the manifestations of development to receive more support for overcoming the obstacles made by the people in the process of development in reality. Before the foundations of development produce their manifestations, new symbols are spread by the developer in his territory.
Along with such changes, developments by large single-base economies, such as factories and large industries, initially select a location to support their workforce and start establishing cities or towns for their workers and engineers to reside in. Foladshahr and Baharestan in Isfahan, Alvand in Qazvin, and Sarcheshmeh in Kerman, to name a few. New industrial cities, which are primarily dormitories, are built by the developer investor, and the cost of building and maintaining the city is also borne by them. Gradually, as the city grows and intermediary businesses are established, the city becomes independent from the exclusive industrial camp and proceeds under the municipal law. However, in most cases, the largest owner of the city is still its parent industry.
Industrial cities are characterized by their own specific architectural and engineering landscape. Almost all have the same shape, touched by a modernist spatial organization, checkerboard streets with blocks that are functionally homogeneous. Since the city is founded on engineering, the quality of architecture and construction is moderate. Such characteristics of the industrial and architectural spirit dominate the city as a whole. In Sirjan, however, this policy was abandoned. In the 1970s, the Golgohar mine was founded on its outskirts with a growing economy, and now has more than thirty thousand employees and workers, reaching one hundred thousand people, including their families. For a city of 200,000 people, the addition of half of the population can be accompanied by severe shocks. Therefore, the mine management provided various services to the city, both as a legal obligation to cover part of the growth costs and as part of social responsibility. The integration of the aid and obligation schemes greatly opened the management's hand to determine the type and priority of services. At the same time, giving the upper hand to the mine management by financial support made their decision-making power indispensable in general and in decision-making councils, the effects of which can be seen in the excessive development of the city and the mixed-use urban development, and disobedience to conventional urban rules and the high cost of land and housing. In a situation where urban governance laws in Iran do not have sufficient coherence, the emergence of sectoral developments on the outskirts of cities, rather than improving the quality of the city, by imposing forced migrations and generating new demand at the city level, creates new demands in the city that the urban management is unable to respond to and fail to fullfill the prosperity of the basic life of citizens. What the city gains in the process of this type of parasitic development, which feeds on the infrastructure of the old city, are new and unconventional spaces that emerge directly next to the city structures of the old city. The spatial organization of the city, by releasing all conventional constraints, searches for cheap land, scours the surrounding deserts, and eliminates the distance between the village and the city. Parasitic development leaves nothing of the spatial organization and urban landscape. It is neither a new, pre-planned city nor a historical and developed city.
کلیدواژهها English