برنارد لاسوس : روشی «بی‌حصر» برای منظر

نویسنده

استاد زیبایی‌شناسی منظر دانشکده معماری پلی‌تکنیک میلان

چکیده

تئوری منظر «برنارد لاسوس» از پژوهشی عمیق در باب وضوح (نور، رنگ، جلوه)-آغاز شده و به مبحث باغ، به مثابه نهایت منظر، منتهی می‌شود؛ آنجاکه زیرساخت‌ها، که در اعماق ریشه دارند، در روند سریع جهانی‌شدن در مقیاس محلی ظاهر می‌شوند.
منظر در میدان دید «محدود» و به واسطه نظر، که عامل تجربه سامان‌بخشی فضاهای مستقر بر تخیلی ازلی است، «قابل درک» می‌شود؛ تجربه‌ای که در عین حال تئوری است. این تجربه در یک تبادل درونی مرتباً میان نظر و عمل به یکدیگر ارجاع داده می‌شود. این فعل وارد فضا شده و حضور اشیا و ارتباطات‌شان را که سازنده هویت منظر است، ثبت می‌کند تا تصویر واحد، هویت‌مند و عمیق آنها را به دست دهد. اینها ویژگی‌هایی هستند که باید آنها را درنظر گرفت تا آینده تحقق پیدا کند.
رابطه میان اُبژه (عین) و منظر، پیچیده، دوپهلو و ویرانگر است. کاربرد عمومی واژه «منظر» و پژوهش مدام برای تعریف آن، بر دشواری بیان ارتباط و پیوند میان اشیا و اُبژه‌ها صحه می‌گذارد.
توجه به این روابط در بطن تجربه منظر است که بر یک نگاه استوار است. این نگاه تنها بخشی از فضای متراکم را در مقیاس دید می‌سازد. در این مقیاس عناصر در وحدتی قرار دارند که اغلب به صورت بخشی نیز قابل مشاهده هستند. بنابراین منظر، فرضیه‌ای بصری در ارتباط با مکان و محیط اطراف ماست. منظر، نادیدنی‌ها را بیش از دیدنی‌ها پوشش می‌دهد؛ یک بازی دایمی میان پیدا و پنهان، حقیقی و خیالی؛ بازی تخیل با روشی خاص و ابزاری برای پرده‌برداری از منظر و نه تعریف‌ آن. هیچ تجربه‌ای بدون مبنای نظری پدید نمی‌آید و بالعکس : ساماندهی مکان‌ها با درنظر گرفتن مرز میان واقعیت و صورت روشی آشکار در پروژه‌های برنارد لاسوس است؛ او روشی را پدید آورده که منظر را در حسی واقعیت‌گرا به گونه‌ای خاص تجربه و پیش‌بینی می‌کند. این مقاله به بررسی روند نظری وی می‌پردازد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Bernard Lassus: a «Demeasurable» Practice for Landscape

نویسنده [English]

  • Massimo Venturi Ferriolo
Pprofessor of Aesthetics of Landscapes, University of Milan, Italy.
چکیده [English]

Bernard Lassus’s theories have been started with the research of readability, light, color and form, and have been ended to the Garden topic as Landscape perspective. He considers landscape as an unlimited and understandable horizon through the look; Horizon which motivates practical training of place organized by considering the unlimited imagination. There is a complicated relationship between object (essence) and landscape. General usage of the word "Landscape" and continuous research in defining this word explains the difficulties in linking the objects. Considering this relationship in the landscaping method, depends on a momentary look which covers only some visible parts of the space from a visual aspect. Therefore, landscape is an imaginary look, at
our surrounding places and environment. Bernard Lassus’s method in his projects is to organize places by considering the boundary between reality and appearance. He has his own method which predicts landscape exactly
with the tools. This article tries to investigate his theoretical process. The relationship between light, color, and visual and tactile feelings is the considerable subject here. The desirable terms, main and classic perceptions of landscape are light, color, visibility and imagination. Lassus’s researches started from the relationships between color and appearance since 1950, and he was always thinking of these concepts. The landscape and the color are extremely linked to each other. The "Visual aspect" theory is presented based on the experiences and researches about the difference between being visible and physical reality of visibility. The Environment is a unique frame composed of spatial, visual, and full of objectives which make a whole together and become worthy by communicating with each other, not by getting together. Every object has a particular place compared to other objects in this unique landscape. Bernard Lassus’s researches started from a frame surrounding an object which dynamic interaction with the environment and ended to landscape understanding. This research depends on the series of processes which are ended to the basic concepts by considering the object and its position in the environment. The appearance, finds its growing in the gap of reality and appearance by "revolutionary" evidences. We don’t need the physical conversion to
change a landscape, and only the minimal intervention is enough. Lassus uses the visual techniques which include two scales: residents scale and landscape scale, the two different perceptions and landscapes. "Landscape residents" is an unknown inspiring footprint in Lassus’s researches. Research which looks for visual mechanisms understanding of a landscape’s general aesthetic. Bernard Lassus’s "Landscape residents" are the simple ones who change their life and home environment-no matter how small it is -. These residents create different scales of miniaturized Garden- Landscape through their imagination. Each of the creativity represents dreamy and non functional space. Only the one who dreams, would be able to understand vertical imagination: That’s the Garden.
His profound thought got involved with gardens of imagination since 1961. He represented the new perspective of dramatic- ethnographical anthropological of the landscape which was founded in the infinite area (immeasurable area) on that time. Claude Lévi-Strauss considers the landscape residents as a new field between dramatic-ethnographical anthropological researches and studies. Lassus represents a landscaping method in which location and the creative mind (subject) are intimately linked. This process doesn’t create an object, but creates landscaping relationships; So that “the aesthetics as a landscape making method” which has root in place and basis in imaginary, is expressed. Lassus called landscaping as a conversion and motility art of the path, due to its impressionability.
This probably should be the clearest lessons of Bernard Lassus. Merely the landscape democratic method can recognize the location and residents participation in selecting interventions, and can give landscape the value. Discovering places shows the cultural diversity, belonging and acceptance. These are the parts of a path which makes the life easier and more enjoyable for all near and far residents, and goes towards variety with all its contradictions and diversity, the enjoyable path for vision and spirit, a new garden for our world, open path, as a landscape totality. The modern path that discovers the depths of places, and the architect as an exhibitor, will create landscape method.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • -