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تحلیل نقش مؤلفه‌های منظر در سازگاری ساکن-مسکن:مطالعۀ تطبیقی خانه‌های حیاط‌دار دورۀ پهلوی دوم و مسکن معاصر در شهر تهران

https://doi.org/10.22034/manzar.2026.583304.2432
دوره 18، شماره 76
پاییز 1405
صفحه 64-79
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نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

مهدیه افشار بکشلو
حمیدرضا ابراهیمی

گروه معماری، دانشکدۀ معماری، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

چکیده
گذار شتابان از خانه‌های حیاط‌دار سنتی به آپارتمان‌های معاصر، پیوند ساکنان با نور، آب، گیاه، آسمان و فضای باز را کاهش داده و میان نیازهای ادراکی آنان و کیفیت محیط سکونت شکاف ایجاد کرده است؛ بااین‌حال، چگونگی اثرگذاری این تغییر منظری بر سازگاری ساکن-مسکن روشن نشده است. هدف مقاله، تبیین نقش منظر مسکونی به‌مثابۀ تجربه‌ای حاصل از تعامل ویژگی‌های کالبدی-طبیعی محیط با ادراک، معناگذاری و شیوۀ زیست ساکنان، و بررسی ارتباط آن با سازگاری ساکن-مسکن در دو تیپ شامل خانه‌های حیاط‌دار دورۀ پهلوی دوم و مسکن معاصر در شهر تهران بود. پژوهش با رویکردی کیفی و تطبیقی انجام شد و داده‌ها ازطریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساخت‌یافته با سه گروه از ساکنان گردآوری شدند. داده‌ها با روش تحلیل مضمون تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که اثر عناصر کالبدی-طبیعی بر سازگاری مستقیم نیست، بلکه نحوۀ ادراک، استفاده و معناگذاری آنها توسط ساکنان در شکل‌گیری احساس تناسب یا ناهمخوانی با محیط نقش دارد. در روایت ساکنان خانه‌های سنتی دورۀ پهلوی دوم، نور چندجهته، حیاط، آب، گیاه و ارتباط مستقیم با آسمان در ساختار زندگی روزمره ادغام شده بودند و احساس گشودگی، آرامش و دلبستگی به مکان را تقویت کرده بودند. در نمونه‌های آپارتمانی معاصر، محدودیت نور، دید و فضای باز، تعاملات حسی را کاهش داده و زمینۀ ناسازگاری ادراکی و رفتاری را فراهم کرده و ساکنان را به راهبردهای جبرانی مانند افزودن گیاه، تغییر چیدمان و استفاده از بالکن سوق داده بود. مقایسۀ روایت‌های سه گروه مورد مطالعه نشان داد که کیفیت‌های منظری در خانۀ سنتی بخشی از سازمان فضایی بودند، اما در آپارتمان معاصر اغلب به‌صورت محدود، واسطه‌مند و جبرانی تجربه شده است. در نتیجه، ادغام دوبارۀ نور طبیعی، فضای باز و نیمه‌باز، گیاه و دید مناسب در طراحی مسکن به‌عنوان راهکاری برای کاهش شکاف میان نیازهای روانی ساکنان و محدودیت‌های آپارتمان‌های امروزی پیشنهاد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تناسب فرد-محیط
کیفیت ادراکی
سازگاری سکونتی
تجربۀ زیسته
منظر مسکونی
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Analyzing the Role of Landscape Components in Resident–Housing Compatibility: A Comparative Study of Courtyard Houses from the Second Pahlavi Period and Contemporary Housing in Tehran

نویسندگان English

Mahdiyeh Afshar Bakeshloo
Hamidreza Ebrahimi
Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, College of Fine Art, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The rapid transition from traditional courtyard houses to contemporary apartments has diminished residents’ connection with light, water, vegetation, the sky, and open space, creating a gap between their perceptual needs and the quality of the residential environment. However, the ways in which this landscape transformation affects resident dwelling compatibility have remained unclear. This study aimed to explain the role of residential landscape as an experience arising from the interaction between the physical–natural characteristics of the environment and residents’ perception, meaning-making, and ways of living, and to examine its relationship with resident–dwelling compatibility in two housing types: courtyard houses from the Second Pahlavi period and contemporary housing in Tehran. The research adopted a qualitative and comparative approach, and data were collected through semi-structured interviews with three groups of residents. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings showed that the effects of physical natural elements on compatibility are not direct; rather, the ways in which residents perceive, use, and attribute meaning to these elements contribute to the formation of a sense of fit or mismatch with the environment. In the narratives of residents of traditional houses from the Second Pahlavi period, multidirectional natural light, courtyards, water, vegetation, and direct connection with the sky were integrated into the structure of everyday life and enhanced feelings of openness, tranquility, and place attachment. In contemporary apartment cases, limitations in natural light, views, and open space reduced sensory interactions and created conditions for perceptual and behavioral incompatibility, prompting residents to adopt compensatory strategies such as adding plants, rearranging furniture, and using balconies. Comparison of the narratives of the three study groups showed that landscape qualities in traditional houses constituted an integral part of spatial organization, whereas in contemporary apartments they were often experienced in limited, mediated, and compensatory forms. Accordingly, the reintegration of natural light, open and semi-open spaces, vegetation, and appropriate views into housing design is proposed as a strategy for reducing the gap between residents’ psychological needs and the constraints of contemporary apartments.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Person&‌ndash
  • environment fit, Perceptual quality, Residential compatibility, Lived experience, Residential landscape
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