Phobia, as a pervasive anxiety disorder, is characterized by a persistent and irrational fear of specific situations or objects, which can cause distress, significant avoidance, and impairment in an individual's daily functioning. This disorder has its roots in a complex interaction of genetic factors, developmental environment, and traumatic events; on average, one in four people is susceptible to developing specific phobias at some point in their lives. This significant prevalence makes phobia a major challenge in the realm of health and quality of life. From the perspective of architecture and environmental design, this phenomenon is not merely an individual challenge but also a disruptive factor in achieving the utility and comfort (Utilitas) of a space, one of the three pillars of the desirable Vitruvian architecture. This disorder can hinder architecture's responsiveness to the needs of its users, particularly vulnerable groups.

This research was conducted to analyze “place-based phobias”, explain the spatial components of each phobia, and extract design considerations aimed at reducing perceived threat and injury avoidance when confronting each place-based phobia. Data were collected and analyzed through the study of scientific resources and interviews with affected individuals as well as environmental design specialists. The findings indicate that instead of intervening in the multitude of phobias, architects should focus from the initial design stages on spatial components such as geometry, proportions, hierarchy, spatial positioning, and the characteristics of spatial elements.

Furthermore, four key spatial realms were identified as critical points in the formation or exacerbation of phobia: thresholds, boundaries, Signs/Spatial Cues, and ‎ Overhead Plane. The targeted management of these realms through the mentioned spatial components not only prevents the creation of phobia-inducing environments but also takes an effective step towards creating ideal spaces. This approach, based on a deep understanding of human-space interaction, not only does not diminish environmental quality but will also, a fortiori, be acceptable and calming for humans without phobias.