نشریه علمی

نقش درختان در سنجش زیبایی‌شناسی بصری و پیچیدگی کالبدی مناظر شهری

دوره 17، شماره 72
پاییز 1404
صفحه 50-63

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه شهرسازی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده
با وجود نقش حیاتی درختان در ارتقای کیفیت بصری فضاهای شهری، اجماع علمی مشخصی دربارۀ نحوۀ و میزان تأثیر آن‌ها بر زیبایی‌شناسی و پیچیدگی مناظر شهری وجود ندارد. بیشتر پژوهش‌های پیشین بر ارزیابی‌های ذهنی تمرکز داشته و تأثیر دقیق حذف یا افزودن درختان بر پیچیدگی کالبدی و زیبایی مناظر را کمتر تحلیل کرده‌اند. این خلأ، نیاز به مطالعه‌ای دقیق و جامع را مطرح می‌کند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر افزودن یا جابه‌جایی درختان بر زیبایی‌شناسی بصری و پیچیدگی کالبدی مناظر شهری است. پرسش اصلی آن است که آیا این تغییرات همواره باعث بهبود کیفیت بصری می‌شوند یا در برخی موارد ممکن است اثر معکوس داشته باشند. این پژوهش با بهره‌گیری از روش‌های کیفی و کمّی انجام شده است. با استفاده از تکنیک شبیه‌سازی بصری واقعیت افزوده (AR) و تحلیل تصویری در نرم‌افزار ImageJ، ۱۱ تصویر از مناظر شهری مختلف در سراسر جهان انتخاب شد. سپس از طریق یک پرسشنامۀ تصویری، نظرات ۵۱ متخصص منظر شهری گردآوری شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون خی‌دو و t مستقل، همچنین تحلیل ابعاد فراکتال تصاویر استفاده شد. در نه نمونه از ۱۱ مورد، افزودن درختان به‌طور معناداری زیبایی و پیچیدگی بصری را افزایش داد (سطح معناداری  50/0<  و 977/0Cramér’s V=). تحلیل فراکتال و آزمون t نیز پیچیدگی بالاتر مناظر دارای درختان را تأیید کرد. بااین‌حال، در برخی موارد، درختان با پوشاندن جزئیات معماری، زیبایی را کاهش دادند. بررسی‌ها نشان داد مکان قرارگیری درختان نسبت به ساختار کالبدی اهمیت به‌سزایی دارد. به بیان دیگر، رابطۀ بین پیچیدگی و زیبایی خطی نیست و وجود یک «آستانۀ بصری» ضروری به‌ نظر می‌رسد که پس از آن، افزودن عناصر طبیعی می‌تواند اثر منفی داشته باشد. این یافته‌ها به طراحان کمک می‌کند تا با طراحی هوشمندانه و مکانیابی درختان، تجربۀ بصری شهروندان را بهبود و کیفیت زندگی شهری را ارتقا دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Role of Trees in Evaluating the Visual Aesthetics and Morphological Complexity of Urban Landscapes

نویسندگان English

Alireza Arsiya
Toofan Haghani
Alireza Bandarabad
Department of Urban Planning, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Despite the vital role that trees play in enhancing the visual quality of urban spaces, there is no clear scientific consensus regarding the extent and manner of their influence on the aesthetics and complexity of urban landscapes. Most previous studies have focused primarily on subjective evaluations, with limited analysis of how the removal or addition of trees precisely affects the morphological complexity and visual aesthetics of such environments. This gap underscores the need for a rigorous and comprehensive investigation. This study aims to examine the impact of adding or relocating trees on the visual aesthetics and morphological complexity of urban landscapes. The central research question is whether such interventions consistently enhance visual quality, or whether, in certain cases, they may produce counterproductive effects. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach. By employing augmented reality (AR) visual simulation techniques and image analysis through ImageJ software, 11 images of diverse urban landscapes from around the world were selected. Subsequently, visual questionnaires were used to collect responses from 51 urban design experts. Data analysis was carried out using chi-square and independent t-tests, alongside fractal dimension analysis of the selected images. In 9 out of 11 cases, the addition of trees significantly enhanced both visual beauty and perceptual complexity (p-value < 0.05; Cramér’s V = 0.977). Fractal analysis and independent t-tests further confirmed the higher complexity of tree-lined landscapes. However, in certain instances, trees diminished visual appeal by obscuring architectural details. The findings indicate that the spatial placement of trees relative to the built structure plays a critical role. In other words, the relationship between complexity and beauty is non-linear, suggesting the existence of a “visual threshold” beyond which the addition of natural elements may produce adverse effects. These insights can assist designers in enhancing urban visual experience and quality of life through strategic and context-sensitive tree placement.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Visual complexity
  • Morphological complexity
  • Fractal dimensions
  • Trees
  • Landscape aesthetics
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