نشریه علمی

تبیین چارچوب احیای مناظر پساصنعتی شهری با رویکرد طراحی و توسعۀ احیایی

دوره 17، شماره 70
بهار 1404
صفحه 16-25

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس‌ارشد معماری منظر، گروه معماری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه معماری منظر و بازسازی، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه معماری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران.

چکیده
مناظر پساصنعتی با ارزش‌های هویتی، به‌عنوان میراث فرهنگی عصر مدرن شناخته می‌شوند. این عرصه‌ها از جنبه‌های اجتماعی، اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی آسیب دیده و از بُعد بصری، منظری نامناسب را ایجاد کرده‌اند. در این نوع عرصه‌ها، مداخلات با رویکردهای مختلف انجام شده است اما به‌دلیل پیچیدگی این مناظر و آسیب‌های وارده به اکوسیستم، نیاز به رویکردی جامع است که ضمن حفظ ارزش میراث صنعتی، آسیب‌های گذشته را ترمیم و باعث بهبود تعامل متقابل انسان او طبیعت شود. رویکرد «طراحی و توسعۀ احیایی» با نگاهی «جامع» و «سیستماتیک» با منابع ذاتی خود سیستم، ترمیم و احیا را ایجاد می‌کند که به همپیوندی نیازهای جامعۀ انسانی و طبیعت می‌انجامد. هدف پژوهش، ارائۀ چارچوبی جامع جهت احیای مناظر پساصنعتی با رویکرد احیایی است. در این راستا، به روش تحلیلی-تطبیقی مؤلفه‌های مؤثر در احیای مناظر پساصنعتی در شیوه‌های پیشین، با جریان‌های مؤثر در رویکرد احیایی تطبیق داده شده و ارتقا یافته است. سپس با بهره‌گیری از چارچوب پرکینز ویل، به‌عنوان یکی از چارچوب‌های کاربردی احیایی، جامع و نوآورانۀ احیای مناظر پساصنعتی ارائه شده است. این چارچوب به‌صورت دیاگرامی چندلایه، شامل یک هسته و چندین حلقه است که براساس آن سیاست‌گذاری‌‌ها و راهبردهای طراحی و توسعه مناظر پساصنعتی ارائه می‌شود. در این چارچوب، «مکان» به‌عنوان هستۀ سیستم، حلقۀ اول «ابعاد بررسی مکان»، حلقۀ دوم «جریان‌های مؤثر» در احیای مناظر پساصنعتی، حلقۀ سوم «زیرجریان‌ها» و حلقۀ چهارم «اکوسیستم» است. طبق یافته‌های پژوهش جریان‌های مؤثر در احیای مناظر پساصنعتی شامل 12 جریان تنوع زیستی، اجتماع، اقتصاد، فرهنگ، آموزش، زیبایی‌شناسی، سلامت، مشارکت، زیرساخت، مواد ‌و ‌مصالح، انرژی و آب است. این چارچوب جهت احیای سایت‌های پساصنعتی از یک کارگاه کوچک تا یک مجموعۀ گسترده صنعتی قابل تعمیم است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Explaining the Framework for Regenerating Urban Post-Industrial Landscapes Based on a Regenerative Design and Development Approach

نویسندگان English

Samira Ahmadkhosravi 1
Mehdi Sheibani 2
Sara Daneshmand 3
Amin Habibi 4
1 M.A. Landscape Architecture, Department of Architecture, School of Art and Architecture, Shiraz University, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Landscape Architecture & Reconstruction, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, School of Art and Architecture, Shiraz University, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture , School of Art and Architecture, Shiraz University, Iran.
چکیده English

Post-industrial landscapes with identity values are recognized as cultural heritage of the modern era. These areas have been damaged socially, economically, and environmentally, and have created an unsuitable visual landscape. Various interventions have been made in these areas, but due to the complexity of these landscapes and the damage to the ecosystem, a comprehensive approach is needed. This approach should preserve the industrial heritage values, repair past damages, and improve the mutual interaction between humans and nature. The “regenerative design and development” approach, employing a “comprehensive” and “systematic” view, uses the system’s intrinsic resources to create restoration and regeneration that leads to the integration of human society’s needs and nature. The research aims to provide a comprehensive framework for regenerating post-industrial landscapes with a regenerative approach. In this study, the influential factors in regenerating post-industrial landscapes in previous methods were analyzed and compared with the effective trends in the regenerative approach and were enhanced. Then, using the Perkins + Will framework, as one of the practical regenerative frameworks, a comprehensive and innovative framework for regenerating post-industrial landscapes was presented. This framework is a multi-layered diagram consisting of a core and several rings, based on which policies and strategies for the design and development of post-industrial landscapes are provided. In this framework, “place” is the core of the system, the first ring is “place assessment dimensions,” the second ring is “effective trends” in regenerating post-industrial landscapes, the third ring is “sub-trends,” and the fourth ring is the “ecosystem.” According to the research findings, the effective trends in regenerating post-industrial landscapes include 12 trends: biodiversity, community, economy, culture, education, aesthetics, health, participation, infrastructure, materials, energy, and water. This framework can be applied to regenerate post-industrial sites ranging from a small workshop to a large industrial complex.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • Post-Industrial Landscape
  • Regenerative Design and Development Approach
  • Effective Trends
  • Perkins+Will Framework
  • Comprehensive Framework for Regenerating Post-Industrial Landscapes
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36.    Nikezić, A., & Janković, N. (2022). Enhancing biocultural diversity of wild urban woodland through research-based architectural design: Case study—War Island in Belgrade, Serbia. Sustainability, 14(18), 11445. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811445 
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39.    Scaffidi, F. (2015). Average social and territorial innovation impacts of industrial heritage regeneration. Cities, 148, 104907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.104907 
40.    Schir, E. (2010). Extraction landscapes from the active quarry to the disused sites: Methodological approaches and future scenarios of the porphyry territory in Trentino [Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto]. Unitn-eprints.Phd. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/262/ 
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