MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
Scientific Quarterly Journal

Reading the Principles and Patterns of the Persian Garden for Application in Contemporary Urban Green Spaces

https://doi.org/10.22034/manzar.2025.496337.2324
Volume 17, Issue 70
Spring 2025
Pages 6-15
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape

Document Type : Review

Authors

Fahimeh Barati 1
Abouzar Salehi 2
Armin Bahramian 3

1 Master of Science in Iranian Architecture Studies, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design, Art University of Isfahan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design, Art University of Isfahan, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design, Art University of Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract
Persian garden design, which began with the creation of the Pasargadae garden, continued until the Qajar period. However, during this era, the traditional Persian garden-making approach gradually faded into oblivion. In the Pahlavi period, the first modern green space, known as “Park-e Shahr”, was established. Today, due to the increasing psychological and mental health crises affecting modern humans, many scholars are seeking to restore the connection that has been lost between humans and nature. In Iran, efforts have been made in this regard; however, not only is there no clear approach to urban green space design, but the disconnection from the Persian garden and, more broadly, Persian architecture leads to a loss of Persian identity. This study aims first to analyze the principles and patterns of the Persian garden and then according to them, propose principles and patterns that can be adapted for contemporary green spaces. The research initially conducts a literature review to read the principles and patterns of the Persian garden. Then, using a descriptive-analytical method, the obtained data is analyzed to extract applicable principles and patterns for contemporary green spaces. Finally, considering the preservation of Persian identity and behavioralist theories, the study discusses the reasons for utilizing these patterns and how they can be used in contemporary urban green spaces.
The study identifies principles and patterns from the Persian garden that, while preserving Persian identity, can also address the needs and behaviors of the modern era and be applied to contemporary green spaces. The principles are categorized into six key aspects. The patterns are divided into two categories: First, the Geometric pattern of the garden, which defines the overall layout, and second, the planting pattern, which is both influenced by and influences the garden’s geometry, shaping other elements within the space.

Keywords

Persian garden
Persian garden principles
Persian garden patterns
contemporary urban green spaces
Subjects
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