چارچوب مفهومی طراحی منظر محوطة بیمارستان از سطح نظری تا قلمروی اجرایی (با تلفیق مرور سیستماتیک و تحلیل محتوا)

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ مروری

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر دکتری معماری منظر، گروه معماری، دانشکدۀ هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکدۀ هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد گروه مهندسی سیستم‏های سلامت، دانشکدۀ مهندسی صنایع و سیستم‌ها، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

با وجود پژوهش‌های متعدد انجام‌شده در ارتباط با نحوة اثرگذاری منظر محوطة بیمارستان در رضایت کاربران و انتشار دستورالعمل‌های طراحی، مطالعات مروری محدودی جهت شناخت جریان پژوهش، ضعف و قوت‌های این حوزه انجام شده‌است تا دسترسی طراحان به اطلاعاتی سازمان‌یافته دربارۀ ابعاد نظری و عملی طراحی را تسهیل کند. هدف این پژوهش، مرور و تحلیل منابع موجود و ارائة آن در قالب یک چارچوب مفهومی، شناسایی نقاط قوت و ضعف ادبیات موجود و تشخیص نقاط نیازمند به تحقیقات بیشتر در حوزة طراحی منظر محوطة بیمارستان‌هاست. طبق یک مرور سیستماتیک، 47 منبع مرتبط یافت شد. سپس به منظور منظم‌کردن اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده با روش تحلیل محتوا به کدگذاری منابع در نرم‏افزار MAXQDA پرداخته ‏شد. 618 کد استخراج شد که در قالب شش مقوله و 30 زیرمقوله دسته‏بندی شدند. این شش مقوله، استخوان‏بندی چارچوب مفهومی ادبیات طراحی منظر محوطة بیمارستان را تشکیل می‏دهند که عبارت‌اند از: 1)تعاریف مربوط به منظر محوطة بیمارستان، 2) گونه‎‏شناسی، 3) نظریه‏های بنیادین، 4) رویکردهای طراحی، 5) اصول و شاخص‏های طراحی و 6) ترجیحات و نیازهای کاربران. یافته‏های پژوهش، حاکی از رشد مناسب ادبیات این حوزه از دیدگاه نظری و عملی (بعد برنامه‏دهی و عملیاتی) به‌طور همزمان است. مفهوم نظری منظر محوطة بیمارستان در حال تکامل و قابل تعریف و مفهوم‌سازی به‌عنوان فضایی با کارکردهای خدماتی، نمادین و احیایی است. توصیف بعد عینی منظر از طریق مطالعات گونه‌شناسی انجام شده است. ادبیات طراحی منظر محوطه در وجه عملی، ابتدا معطوف به مجموعه‌ای از رویکردهای طراحی است که به دنبال عملیاتی‌شدن کارکردهای آن بودند. این رویکردها در اصول، روش و اقدامات متفاوت هستند اما هدف اصلی آنان تبیین رابطة متقابل بین کاربر و منظر بیمارستانی است. اصول، کیفیت‌ها و توصیه‌های طراحی عمومی و مشترک برای کاربران متعدد و مناسب برای بیمارستان‌های عمومی است. ضعف اصلی ادبیات منظر محوطة بیمارستان، محدودبودن مجموعه شواهد معتبر درزمینة شناخت کاربر و نوع ارتباط او با محیط است. ازاین‌رو انجام مطالعات ارزیابی از نمونه‌های موردی در بسترهای مختلف برای تقویت غنای ادبیات ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Conceptual Framework for Hospital Outdoor Landscape Designs from Theoretical to Practical Levels (A Systematic Literature Review and Content Analysis)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Naeimeh Asadian Zargar 1
  • Kianoush Suzanchi 2
  • Mohammad Mehdi Sepehri 3
1 Department of architecture, art & architecture faculty, Tarbiat Modares university, Tehran
2 Assistant Professor in Architecture, Faculty of Art, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor in Healthcare Systems Engineering Department, Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Despite numerous studies on how the hospital outdoor landscape affects user satisfaction and the publication of design guidelines, this field’s research flow, strengths, and weaknesses have not been thoroughly reviewed. This makes it difficult for designers to access organized information on design’s theoretical and practical aspects. The current research aims to comprehensively review and analyze the existing resources and present them in a conceptual framework. This process will enable us to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the current literature and identify specific areas that require further research in the field of hospital landscape design. After conducting a systematic review, 47 relevant sources were identified. These sources were then analyzed using the content analysis method and encoded in MAXQDA software to organize the obtained information. 618 codes were extracted and categorized into six main categories and 30 subcategories. These categories form the conceptual framework of hospital outdoor landscape design literature, covering topics such as 1) definitions of hospital outdoor landscape, 2) typology, 3) fundamental theories, 4) design approaches, 5) principles and design indicators, and 6) preferences and needs of users. Based on the research, the literature in this field has been developed appropriately from both theoretical and practical perspectives (i.e., programming and operational dimensions). The theoretical essence of hospital outdoor landscapes is evolving. It can now be defined as a space that serves functional and symbolic purposes while providing a sense of restoration. To describe the objective dimension of the landscape, typological studies have been conducted. The literature on designing hospital outdoor landscapes from a practical perspective initially focused on design approaches that aimed to implement their expected functions. These approaches may vary in principles, methods, and actions, but their main objective is to elucidate the interaction between the hospital landscape and its users. The principles, qualities, and recommendations are general and applicable to various users, making them suitable for public hospitals. The main weakness of hospital outdoor landscape literature is the lack of reliable evidence concerning the users’ perception and interaction with the environment. To address this, it is crucial to conduct evaluation studies on various case samples in different settings to improve the quality of the literature.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hospital campus
  • Hospital outdoor landscape
  • Systematic review
  • Content analysis
  • Conceptual framework

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منظر
دوره 15، شماره 65
دی 1402
صفحه 46-61

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