Community Space and the School Ground A 3D Book for the Concepts of Sustainable Development

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Art, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

2 M.A in Architecture, Faculty of Art, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Ph.D student in architecture, Faculty of Art, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

In recent decades, environmental crisis has been regarded as the most critical humans’ concerns. Besides, sustainable development as a holistic approach plays a noticeable role in meeting the challenges and problems raised by this crisis. One of the most practical methods to develop the concepts of sustainable development is teaching these concepts to various people of the societies. Meanwhile, education especially in elementary school, considered as the most basic education levels in every societies, is one of most important objectives of fostering future generations for living in the society.
This paper aims to propose an ecological pattern of education for sustainable development through elementary school ground by applying the research method based on documentary studies, reviewing the sources, and their analysis. The assumption is that the school ground especially in terms of designing based on sustainable development principals, can act as a 3D book. It is also assumed that school ground has the potentiality to teach the concepts of sustainability to the students and people involved in the school. Accordingly, a model is presented for school ground based on the three principals of sustainable design including economy of resources, life cycle, and humanistic design. The outcomes show that designing school ground based on these principals can extensively teach the concepts of sustainable development to students and other individuals in school.

Keywords


• امامی، سمانه. (1392). معماری در کنار طبیعت، تعامل فضای آموزش معماری با طبیعت در تأمین نیاز روانی دانشجویان دو دانشگاه در اصفهان. منظر، 5(24)، 14-17.
• اسکبلوند. (1382). ترمیم بوم شناختی به عنوان آموزش همگانی در محیط‌های شهری. معماری ایرانی. 13 و 12، 72-79.
• پالمر، جوی. (1383). آموزش محیط زیست در قرن بیست و یکم، (ترجمۀ علی محمد خورشید دوست). تهران: سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی دانشگاهها (سمت).
• عظمتی، حمیدرضا و باقری، محمد. (1387). آموزش مفاهیم توسعۀ پایدار با طراحی معماری و منظر دانشگاه. فناوری و آموزش، (2)4، 283-292.
• فیضی، محسن. (1389). تدوین ضوابط و معیارهای طراحی منظر محوطه باز مدارس ابتدایی، مبانی نظری و مطالعات پایه، (گزارش مرحله اول). تهران: ساز مان نوسازی و توسعه و تجهیز مدارس.
• کدیور، پروین. (1394). روان شناسی یادگیری از نظریه تا عمل. تهران: انتشارات سمت.
• موسایی، میثم و احمد زاده، مریم. (1388). آموزش توسعه ای و توسعۀ پایدار، راهبرد توسعه ، 18، 209-223.

• Akoumianaki-Ioannidou, A. Paraskevopoulou, A. Tachou, V. (2016). School grounds as a resource of green space to increase child-plant contact. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 20, 375-386.
• Bagot, K. L., Allen, F. C. L. & Toukhsati, S. (2015). Perceived restorativeness of children's school playground environments: Nature, playground features and play period experiences. Journal of environmental psychology, 41, 1-9
• Chawla, L., Keena, K., Pevec, I. & Stanley, E. (2014). Green school yards as havens from stress and resources for resilience in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Health & Place, 28, 1–13.
• Cheskey, E. (2001). How school yard influences behavior In T. Grant & G. Littlejohn (Eds), Greening school grounds: Creating habitats for learning. Toronto: New Society Publishers.
• Foster, A., Percival, S., Chillman, B., Jackson, M., Mountain, J., Burn, G. Martin, P., Walters, G. & Robinso, F. (2006). School for the future, designigng schoo grounds, TSO (the stationary Office) publication, Retrieved September 20, 2017 from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/276691/schools_for_the_future_-_designing_school_grounds.pdf.
• Ford, A. (2007). Designing the Sustainable School. Melbourn: Images Puclishing Group.
• Henderson, K. & Tilbury, D. (2004). Whole-School Approaches to Sustainability: An International Review of Sustainable School Programs. Report Prepared by the Australian Research Institute in Education for Sustainability (ARIES) for the Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.
• Jansson, M., Abdulah, M. & Eriksson, A. (2018). Secondary school students’ perspectives and use of three school grounds of varying size, content and design. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 30, 115-123.
• Scott, W. (2009). Judging the Effectiveness of a Sustainable School. Journal of Education for Sustainable Development. 3(1), 33-39.
•Uitto, A., Boeve-de Pauw, J. & Saloranta, S. (2015). Participatory school experiences as facilitators for adolescents' ecological behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 43, 55-65.
• Scheerens, J. (2000). Improving school effectiveness. Paris: UNESCO.
• The Noor-e-Mobin's G2 Primary School. (n.d). Retrieved November 20, 2018. From http://www.feastudio.com/?/Educational/NooreMobinSchool.
• Zhao, D., He, B. & Meng, F. (2015). The green school project: A means of speeding up sustainable development?. Journal of Geoforum, 65, 310–313.