A Survey on Employing Living Ethics in Islamic Urbanism

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 Jundi-Shapur University of Technology, Dezful Iran.

2 Jundi-shapoor University of Technology, Dezful, Iran.

Abstract

Most of the damages to nature are brought about through negligence in putting living ethics into practice by city dwellers. This critical ignorance which is becoming a worldwide environmental crisis has put forward a change in attitude towards nature and its international constitutions and laws. In this regard, religious recommendations and regulations have been considered as significant influences through this change towards better living conditions. This research attempts to address the concept of morality in the light of Islamic thoughts and principles in physical space and provide strategies for proper exploitation of the environment. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic case study which first surveys modern religious theories with regard to the body of the desired cities and their architecture and then in case studies these theories are put into practice in order to provide a framework to study and verify these Islamic cities as significant samples. The studies show that the basic Islamic thoughts about environment have promoted universal, cultural, religious, and moral supports and have introduced a special framework in different environments, as is the case with the Islamic tradition by applying a new expression, to show the respect for nature in all possible aspects. Regardless of unfavorable climate changes, traditional cities in Iran are examples of Islamic teachings which provide the best environmental conditions for human beings in which nature is employed in designing and city architecture. 

Keywords

Main Subjects


• Abedi Sarvestani, A. & Shahvali, M. (2013). Human-Nature Interaction: A Normative Analysis. Geografical researches, 27 (4): 1-32.
• Acadmie de Droit International de la Ha. (2015). La Méthode de la Reconnaissance Est-elle L'avenir Du Droit International Privé: Conférence Inaugurale, Session de Droit International Privé, 2014, Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law - Recueil Des Cours, Volume 371, Brill Academic Pub.
• Akhtar, M. R. (1996). Towards An Islamic Approach For Environmental Balance. Islamic Economic Studies, 3 (2): 57-76.
• Alkhateeb, F. (2014). Lost Islamic History: Reclaiming Muslim Civilisation from the Past. London: Oxford University Press.
• Aminzadeh, B. (2002). Jahanbini-ye dini va mohit-e zist, Daramady bar negaresh-e eslam be tabi'at [Religious and environmental worldview, An Introduction to Islam's Attitude toward Nature]. Journal of environmental studies, 28 (30): 97-106.
• Bahrami Paveh, R. & Marsusi, N. (2011). Tose’e-ye paydar-e shahri [Sustainable Urban Development]. Tehran: Payam-e-Noor University.
• Davary, B. (2012). Islam and Ecology: Southeast Asia, Adat, and the Essence of Keramat. ASIA Network Exchange, 20 (1):12-22.
• Dupré La Tour, A. & Nashshābah, H. (2000). Questions de bioéthique au regard de l'islam ET du christianisme. Beyrouth : Dar el-machreq.
• Fahimi, A. & Mashhadi, A. (2009). Shi'ah jurisprudence and evolution in the fundaments of environmental civil liability, Private law studies, 141 (1): 313-326.
• Farahani Fard, S. & Mohammadi, Y. (2011). Quran, chalesh-ha-ye zist mohiti va mabani-ye nezam-e mohit-e zist dare slam [Quran, Environmental Challenges and Foundations of the Environmental System in Islam, ]. Journal of Ethical Research, 22 (2): 23-43.
• Fathali, M. (2011). Nazariye-ye akhlagh-e zist mohiti-ye eslam ba ta’kid bar ara-ye ostad mesbah-e yazdi [The Theory of Environmental Ecology of Islam, with emphasis on the votes of Master Mesbah Yazdi]. Marefat-e Akhlagi, 2 (7): 97-122.
• Firoozi, M. (2005). Mabani-ye hagh-e bahrehmandi az mohit-e zist-e salem dar Quran-e karim [The Basics of the Right to a Healthy Environment in the Holy Quran]. Ravaq-e Andisheh, 42: 78-65.
• Ismaili, A., Rezaeian, M. Vaziri Nejad, R. Tabatabaei, S.Z., Salem, Z. & Mahdian, F. (2007). Hefazat-e mohit-e zist dare slam [Environmental protection in Islam]. Vije name-ye avalin hamayesh-e behdasht dar amoze-ha-ye payambar-e a’zam, Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 6: 55-60.
• Laghaee, H.A, & Mohammadzadeh Titkanloo, H. (1999). Moghadameii bar mafhom-e tose’e-ye shahri-ye paydar va naghsh-e barnameh rizi-ye shahri [Introduction to the Concept of Sustainable Urban Development and Urban Planning]. honar-haye-ziba, 6: 32- 43.
• Mangunjaya, F.M. (2011). Developing Environmental Awareness and Conservation Through Islamic Teaching. Journal of Islamic Studies, 22 (1): 36–49.
• Mathnavi, M.R. (2002). Tose’e-ye paydar va paradaim-ha-ye jaded-e tose’e-ye shahri: shahr-e feshordeh va shahr-e gostardeh [Sustainable Development and New Paradigms of Urban Development: A Comprehensive City and a Large City]. Journal of Environmental Studies, 29 (31): 89- 104.
• Meshkini, A, Hamzehnejad, M. & Ghasemi, A. (2015). Conceptual Refining and Solutions (Strategies) Description and Substantiation Indicators of Four Principles of Mosque based, Neighborhood based, Introversion and Naturalism in Iranian-Islamic City Conceptual Analysis and Revelation of Strategies and Indicators of the Realization of the Four Principles of Mozidi-Dominic, Axial Neighborhood, Inner Reality and Naturalism in Islamic Iran, Journal of researches in Islamic Architectureal Studies, 3 (3): 18-35.
• Michalopouloss, S., Naghavi, A. & Parolo, G. (2016). Islam in equality and pre-industrial comparative development. Journal of development Economics, 120: 86-98.
• Mohammadzadeh Rahani, M.R. (2010). Barresi-ye mabani-ye feghhi hefazat az mohit-e zist [The study of jurisprudential principles of environmental protection]. Feghh va tarikh-e tamaddon, 7 (25): 177-195.
• Mohammadzadeh, R. (2012). A Survey on the Status of Nature in Modernity and Face Challenges with Emphasis on Iranian Cities. Journal of Geography and Planning, 18 (48): 245-278.
• Naghizadeh, M. (2001). Islamic ideology, sustainable developement & Iranian desert cities. Journal of Environmental Studies, 27: 62- 77.
• Nazmfar, H. & Piroozi, K. (2009). Rhkar-h-ye dastyabi be tose’e-ye paydar-e shahri [Strategies for Achieving Sustainable Urban Development]. Hamayesh-e melli-ye ensan, Mohit-e zist va tose’e-ye paydar, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch.
•Noraei, M. (2012). Jahanbini-ye Qorani va mohit-e zist [Quranic and Environmental Worldview]. Amoze-ha-ye Qrani, 16: 3-22.
• Petruccioli, A., Pirani K.H. (2002). Understanding Islamic Architecture. Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture, Psychology Press.
• Poorsaiid, B. & Roosta, K. (2002). Tose’e-ye paydar-e keshavarzi [Sustainable agriculture development]. Majmo’e maghalat-e avalin hamayesh-e melli-ye tose’e-ye paydar-e keshavarzi va mohit-e zist, Islamic Azad University of Varamin.
• Rajabi Bagher Abad, M. (2014). Quran, tabi’at va hoghogh-e an az manzar-e do tafsir-e shi’e va sonni [Quran, Nature and its Rights in terms of two Shi'ite and Sunnis]. Bioethics Journal, 4 (12): 11-28.
• Rashid, M. & Ara, D.R. (2015). Modernity in tradition, Reflections on building design and technology in the Asian vernacular. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 4 (1): 46-55.
• Seyfian, M.K. (1999). Ghaleb va mohtava dar me’mary-ye eslami [Template and content in Islamic architecture]. Honar-ha-ye Ziba, 12 (1): 58-60.
• Sharafi, A. (2016). From Gardencity to Ecournabism, The quest for sustainable neighborhood development. Sustainable Cities and Society, 20: 1-16.
• Vahdani, S. (2012). Designing a New Neighborhood by Retrofitting Szamoty According to New Urbanism Placemaking Principles.Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master), Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Planning and Media Design.
available from: www.divaportal.se/smash/get/diva2:829753/FULLTEXT01.pdf (Accessed 25 December 2016).
• Vojnovic, I. (1999). the environmental costs of modernism: an assessment of Canadian cities. Cities, 16 (5): 301-311.
• Yachkaschi, A. & Yachkaschi, S. (2012). Nature conservation and religion: An excursion into the Zoroastrian religion and its historical benefits for the protection of forests, animals and natural resources. Forest policy and economics, 20: 107- 111.
• Zamani, Z., Azmoudeh, M. & Ghaedi, H. (2014). Motale’e-ye tatbighi-ye roykard-e mobtani bar binesh-e eslami ba roykard-e mo’aser dar movajehe ba mohit-e zist [a comparative study of Islamic-based insight approach with contemporary approach to environmental issues]. Journal of researches in Islamic Architectureal Research,1 (4): 100-115.