Study on the Role of Social Identity in Creation of a Public Space (Case study: Naghsh-e-Jahan Square in Isfahan as a Public Space of the Safavid Era)

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Art and Architetcture, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.

2 Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The Public spaces of each civilization are among the important issues in determining the social identity of that era and social history is a guiding background in the formation and success of these spaces. In order to recover the lost identity of the tribes, considering the preservation of the historical identity sequence, it is possible to refer to the past and re-read the signs and meanings hidden in the body. In the Safavid period, despite the use of force and seizure of public property in the process of construction of Naghsh-e-Jahan Square, this space was welcomed after a while, the effects of which remain to this day. This article seeks to find out how the Safavid government influenced the transformation of the meaning of space and the creation of social identity of Public spaces. In other words, the question has been how to construct a special social identity of the Safavid era and its role in constructing the desired Public space of this research. The present study, based on a documentary and library study of the social history research method, deals with the effects of social tendencies in architecture. For this purpose, after introducing the intellectual foundation of the Safavid government, the social results of these ideas and its effects on the architecture of the Public space and its social acceptance are examined. This research is based on the assumption that the measures taken politically and culturally to create religious and cultural integration have had the greatest impact on the identification of Public spaces. The result of this study made it clear that thePublic space of the Safavid era in terms of time factors of formation includes three dimensions of political, religious and territorial and in terms of causes in social practice includes three systematic parts of physical and spatial and construction and these factors led to collective spaces. This period should have unique characteristics that, except in the eyes of the rulers, gradually gained legitimacy and social identity from the point of view of the space audience

Keywords

References

Afushtei Natanzi, M. (1971). Naghavat Al-Athar fi Zekr Al-Akhyar (E. Eshraghi ed.). Tehran: Bongah-e Tarjome va Nashr-e Ketab. 
Alamolhodaei, P. (2017). Barresi-e ta’sir-e eghlim barme’mari-ye dore-ye Safavi ba Ta’kid bar shahr-e Isfahan [Study of the effect of climate on Safavid architecture based on the city of Isfahan]. 2nd International and 4th National Conference on Management and Humanitic Science Research, Tehran, University of Tehran.
Andishe, H. (2016). Mostashreghin va t’asir-e an-ha bar tarikh-e farhang va tamadon-e eslami [Mustashriqn and their impact in the history of Islamic culture and civilization]. Second International Conference on Applied Studies in Educational Sciences and Behavioral Studies and Iran’s Social Damages, Tehran: the Islamic Research Center of Sorush Hekmat Mortazavi.
Bagheri Beheshti, Sh. (2006). Shahr-ha-ye jaded shahr-ha-ye bedon-e khatereh [New cities, cities without memories]. Published in Proceedings of the International Conference on New Cities, Tehran, pp. 61-68.
Barkhordar, B., Zare, L. & Mokhtabad Amrei, S. M. (2020). An Analysis of Utility Criteria in Isfahan Safavid Social Spaces, Case Study: Social Spaces of Isfahan Historical context. MANZAR, 12(50), 16-27.
Della Valle, P. (1991). Cose e Parole Nei Viaggi di Pitro Della Valle (Sh. Shafa, Tarns.). Tehran: Elmifarhangi Publication.
Eshraghi, F. (1999) Esfahan: From the view point of foreign Travelers. Esfahan: Atropat.
Flamaki, M. M. (2013). Sheklgiri-ye Me’mari dar Tajarob-e Iran va Gharb [The Formation of Architecture in the Experiences of Iran and West]. Tehran: Faza Publishing.
Galdieri, E. (1983). AliGhapou (A. Ameli Jabal Trans.). Tehran: National Protection Works Ancient. 
Godard, A. (1996). Athar-e Iran (A. Sarvmoghaddam Trans.). Mashhad: Bonyad-e Pajohesh-ha-ye Eslami.
Golabchi, M. & Shahrudi, A. A. (2010). Moghadameei bar technology va hoviat [Introduction to Technology and Identity]. Etemad Melli newspaper, Retrieved October 31, 2020, from www.Tebyan-zn.ir/Art.html.
Habibi, S. M. & SeyedBerenji, S. K. (2017). Investigation of the Relation between Memorability and Social Collaboration in Regeneration of Urban Identity, Case Study: Shahrdari Square in Rasht. ARMANSHAHR Architecture & Urban Development, 9(17), 329-342.
Hafeznia, M. R. & Valigholizadeh, A. (2007). Safavid state and Iranian identity. National Studies, 8(4), 3-28.
Hasani Mianroudi, N., Majedi, H., Saeide Zarabadi, Z. & Ziari, Y. (2018). Exploring Concept of Collective Memory and its Retrieval in Urban Areas with Semiotic Approach (Case study: Hasan-Abad square). Bagh-e Nazar, 14(56), 17-32.
Honarfar, L. (1984). Meydan-e Naghsh-e Jahan [Naghsh-e Jahan Square]. Tehran: Khosheh Publications.
Jenkins, R. (2002). Social Identity (T. Yarahmad Trans.). Tehran: Shirazeh Publishing.
Kaempfer, E. (1981). Am Hofe des Persischen Grosskonig (K. Jahandari Trans.).  Tehran: Kharazmi Publication.  
Machesney, R. D. (1998). Construction of Isfahan Abbasi in Safavid Texts (M. Mahmudzadeh Trans.). Ravagh, (1), 67-93.
Madanipour, A. (2013). Design of Urban Space: An Inquiry into a Socio - Spatial Process (F. Mortezaei Trans.). Tehran: Pardazesh va Barname rizi-ye Shahri.
Mahmoodinejad, H. (2009). Faza va Makan dar Tarrahi-ye Shahri [Space and Place in Urban Design]. Tehran: Heleh Publications.
Manaflouyan, S. & Sattarzadeh, D. (2014). Naghesh-e faza-ha-ye shahri dar boroz-e ta’amolat-e ejema’ei ba roykard-e hoviat-e jam’ei [The role of urban spaces in the emergence of social interactions with a collective identity approach]. Presented in First National Conference on Urban Planning, Urban Management and Sustainable Development, Tehran.
Memarian, Gh. (2013). Seiri dar Mabani-ye Nazari-ye Me’mari [A Journey in the Theoretical Foundations of Architecture, Eighth Edition]. Tehran: Soroush-e Danesh.
Mokhtarzadeh, S. Ghalenoee, M. & Kheyroddin, R. (2018). Exploring the Conceptual Model for Evaluating the Coherence of Urban Physical Form and Structure and Explaining Its Principles. Bagh-e Nazar, 15(66), 63-76.
Motevalli, M., Hassan Beigi, M. & Hoseinabadi Farahani, Sh. (2017). The role of Shiite beliefs in the Safavid architecture of Safavid era. Pajohesh Name-ye Tarikh-e Tashayyu, 1(6), 77-91.
Neekzad Tehrani, A. & Hamzeh, H. (2016). Shi’a and the Social History of Iranians in the Safavid Era. Journal of Shi’a Studeis (Shi’a Pajoohi), 2(6), 125-150.
Olearius, A. (2000). Voyages of Adam Olearius (H. Kordbache Trans.). Tehran: Hirmand.
Pirnia, M. K. (2004). Sabkshenasi-ye Me’mari-ye Iran [Stylistics of Iranian architecture]. (Gh. Memarian ed.). Tehran: Me’mar.
Ranjbar, E., Azar, Z. & Marti Casanovas, M. (2019). Investigating the Nature of Urban Space Transformation in Historic Cities of Iran (Case Study: Isfahan). Bagh-e Nazar, 16(73), 29-40.
Rapoport, A. (2009). Pour Une Anthropologie de la Maison (Kh. Afzalian Trans.). Tehran: Herfeh-Honarmand.
Shafaghi, S. (2002). Geography of Esfahan. Isfahan: University of Isfahan.
Shafaqi, S. (2007). Sakhtar va tose’e-ye Isfahan asr-e Safaviyeh [Structure and Development of Isfahan in the Safavid Era]. Proceedings of the Isfahan and Safavid Conference. (2nd ed.). Isfahan: Isfahan University Press.
Shahabi, A., Abouei, R. & Ghalenoee, M. (2017). The Naghsh-e Jahan Square Open Space; Values and Issues. Bagh-e Nazar, 13(44), 57-40.
Shahabi-nejad, A. (2019). The Development of “Naqsh-e Jahan” Square in Isfahan. Journal of Iranian Architectural Studies, (15), 113-132.
Chardin, J. (1956). Vojagesde Chardin Enperse et Autres Lieun Delorient (M. Abasi Trans.). Tehran: Amir kabir.
Shayestehfar, M. (2005). Shiah Artistic Elements in the Timurid. Elements of Shiite Art in Teymourian and Safavid Inscriptions. Tehran: Institute of Cultural Studies, Moasese-ye Motale’at-e Farhangi.
Stets, J. E. & Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psycholigy Quarterly, 63(3), 224-237.
Talebi, J. (2004). Social relations in urban spaces. Journal of Social Sciences Letter, 24(24), 161-180.
Tarkashvand, A., Jahanbakhsh, H. & KarimiNezhad, M. (2018). Recognition of Components Affecting the Formation of Identity and Collective Memory Around Historic Bridges (Case Study: Langroud City). Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism (JIAU), 8(1), 5-14.
‏Tavernier, J. B. (1957). Voyage en Perse (A. Nuri Trans.). Isfahan: Sanaee publication.
Tobeyani, I. & Alviri, M. (2017). An Analysis of the Relationship between the Territorial Identity and the Social Legitimisation Elements in the Safavid Thought. Journal of Islam and Social Studies, 5(2), 89-111.
Torkaman, A., Ghaed, M. & Shemtoub, S. (2018). Hangout, the urban and architectural public space for social and cultural interactions (Case study: Borazjan city). Research & Urban Planning, 8(31), 225-248.
Turner, J. C. (1999). Some Current Issues in Research on Social Identity and Self Categorization Theory. In N. Ellemers, R. Spears & B. Doosje (eds.), Social Identity: Context, Commitment, Content. London: Blackwell Publishers.
Vugt, V. M. & Hart, M. C. (2004). Social Identity as social clue: The origins of group loyalty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(4), 585-598.
Zandieh, H. (2011). Social Historyhistory. Quarterly Journal of Islamic History of Islam, 12(1 & 2), 161-182.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
Volume 13, Issue 56
October 2021
Pages 30-43

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics