راهبردهای بهسازی رودخانه‌های شهری فصلی در برابر مخاطرات محیطی با رویکرد تاب‌آوری اکولوژیک

نوع مقاله : مقالۀ پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر دکتری، عضو هیئت علمی گروه معماری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 استادیار، عضو هیئت علمی گروه معماری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، ایران.

3 استاد گروه معماری منظر، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

4 کارشناسی ارشد معماری منظر، گروه معماری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

چکیده

در دنیای در حال تغییر امروز، تاب‎آوری پاسخی به شرایط عبور از بحران در برابر مخاطرات محیطی است. رودخانه‏‎های شهری فصلی یکی از عوامل ایجاد مخاطرات محیطی در شهرها هستند که هویت متغیری در زمان خشکسالی و سیلابی دارند. آنها غالباً به کانال‌هایی جهت مهار سیلاب تبدیل شده‌اند و هویت اکولوژیک خود را ازدست‌داده‌اند. پژوهش درخصوص چگونگی تأثیر رویکرد تاب‎آوری جهت حفظ اکوسیستم رودخانه‏‎های فصلیِ شهری در برابر مخاطرات محیطی، بهترین راهبرد جهت تاب‎آوری منظر رودخانه‏‎های شهری فصلی و چگونگی راهکارها جهت تحقق این راهبرد، پاسخی به شرایط عبور از این بحران است. در این پژوهش در رویکرد تاب‎آوری، حوزۀ اکولوژی موردتحلیل و نقد قرار گرفته است تا رودخانه‏‎های شهری بنابر ساختار اکولوژیک خود حفظ شوند. براساس مرورادبیات تحقیق در دو حوزۀ تاب‎آوری و اکولوژی، اصول و مؤلفه‌هایی به‌دست آمده که به روش قیاسی-استنتاجی موردنقد و تحلیل قرار گرفته‌اند. در نتیجه بهترین راهبردِ کلان جهت تاب‎آوری اکولوژیک رودخانه‏‎های شهری فصلی، بهسازی رودخانه مبتنی‌بر فرایند با توجه به ساختار اکولوژیکِ اکوسیستم رودخانه است که به‌واسطۀ راهبردهایِ خُرد امکان‌پذیر می‎گردد. شناخت دلایل اصلی تخریب یا تغییراکوسیستم، تعیین فرایندهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی، مدیریت پایدار آبخیزداری، افزایش انعطاف‌پذیری اکوسیستم رودخانه در مواجهه با مخاطرات محیطی آینده، جلوگیری از تداخل انسانی درفرایندهای طبیعی و ایجاد تعادل جدید بین نیازهای اقتصادی-اجتماعی از آن جمله هستند. دست‌آورد نهایی این پژوهش، تدوین راهکارهایی جهت ایجاد تنوع در گونه‌های گیاهی و جانوری در بستر رودخانه، ایجاد مدولاریتی در پهروهای اکولوژیکیِ اکوسیستم رودخانه، بهسازی سرویس‌های اکوسیستم رودخانه، تحدید و کنترل متغیرهای اکولوژیکی رودخانه، انطباق بهسازی رودخانه با متغیرهای کلیدی با اثرگذاری تدریجی و آهسته، تدوین قوانین مبتنی‌بر عدم تداخل انسانی در ساختار اکوسیستم رودخانه، ایجاد آگاهی فرهنگی در همین زمینه با استفاده از سرمایه‌های اجتماعی و نوآوری اکولوژیکی در ایجاد شرایط پایدار پس از بحران و اختلالات است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Seasonal Urban River Restoration Strategies in Face with Environmental Hazards Based on an Ecological Resilience Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sanaz Haeri 1
  • Amin Habibi 2
  • Mehdi Sheibani 3
  • Mahsa Saeidizadeh Naeini 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty Member of Architecture, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty Member of Architecture, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture & Urbanism, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
4 M.A. in Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Resilience is a response to the crisis in the face of environmental risks in today’s changing world. Seasonal urban rivers are one of the causes of environmental hazards in cities whose characters are subject to change during droughts and floods. They have often been turned into channels for flood control and have lost their ecological identity. Developing the best strategy for the resilience of seasonal urban rivers requires research on the contribution of the resilience approach to the preservation of seasonal urban river ecosystems against environmental hazards. Moreover, the way to implement such a strategy could be a response to the crisis. This resilience approach research examines and criticizes the field of ecology and is concerned with preserving urban rivers according to their ecological structure. Based on the literature review in the two fields of resilience and ecology, principles and components were identified and analyzed using a deductive-inferential method. As a result, the best macro strategy for seasonal urban river ecological resilience is process-based river restoration, driven by the ecological structure of the river ecosystem, which is made possible by micro-strategies such as understanding the main causes of ecosystem degradation or change, determining physical, chemical, and biological processes, sustainable watershed management, increasing the resilience of river ecosystems in the face of future environmental hazards, preventing human interference in natural processes, and creating a new balance between socio-economic needs. This research presents strategies to create diversity in plant and animal species in the riverbed, generate modularity in the ecological patches of the river ecosystem, improve the services of the river ecosystem, limit and control the effects of ecological variables that are associated with the river, adapt river restoration to slow key variables, develop regulations based on non-human interference in the structure of the river ecosystem, raise cultural awareness in this area using social capital, and ecological innovation in creating sustainable conditions after the crisis and disruption.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Seasonal urban rivers
  • Environmental hazards
  • Resilience
  • Ecology
  • River restoration
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