Scientific Quarterly Journal

Reconstructing the Structure and Analyzing the Spatial Organization of the Historical Emadiyeh Garden, Kermanshah, on the Beach of the Qara-Su River”


Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 14 June 2026

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Architecture,, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning ، Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran,Iran

2 , Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning , Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran,Iran

3 Department of Architecture، Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning , Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran,Iran

Abstract
The Persian Garden is recognized as one of the prominent types of historical gardens worldwide. These gardens encompass diverse species and have been established under various conditions and locations. Some were constructed along riverside to benefit from the surrounding scenic views. This specific type of Persian garden, referred to as ‘Beach Gardens’ in this article, has been built across different geographical regions of Iran and its surroundings since ancient times. One such beach garden is the Emadiyeh Garden, built in the late Qajar period on the northern bank of the Qarasu River in Kermanshah. Although the garden has been largely destroyed and no physical remains are visible today, this paper identifies and introduces it for the first time through specialized research. The reconstruction of this garden is based on the earliest aerial photographs, iconographic correlation of extant historical images, review of available historical narratives, coordination of geographical maps, and field surveys. Accordingly, the garden’s plan has been redrawn in its original scale and precise location. Moreover, a detailed analysis was conducted on its layout, design principles, and the socio-cultural significance it held. Following this identification, the analysis of documents and the plan of Emadiyeh Garden reveals a remarkably distinctive model of Persian garden design, characterized by its extraordinary location, innovative layout, and complex arrangement of spaces that served both aesthetic and functional purposes within the socio-cultural fabric of Qajar-era Kermanshah—an example that had remained hidden until now. The exemplary scale and the specific organization of functional spaces within the ‘Andaruni’ (inner) and ‘Khalvat’ (private) sectors of this Khan-owned garden are among its prominent features. Furthermore, the remarkable positioning and design of the Throne Dais Pavilion (Shah-neshin) on the banks of the Qarasu River demonstrate a sophisticated integration of architecture and landscape, representing an unparalleled model in both visual appeal and structural innovation.

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