MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
Scientific Quarterly Journal

Recognition of the Pavilion in Relation to the Persian Garden from the Perspective of Fractal Geometry (Case Study: Pavilions of the Fathabad Garden in Kerman)

https://doi.org/10.22034/manzar.2024.425783.2265
Volume 16, Issue 67
Summer 2024
Pages 6-13
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape

Document Type : Original Research Article

Authors

Mohammadali Ashraf Ganjouei
Mohammad Iranmanesh

Assistant Professor, Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.

Abstract
Despite numerous studies conducted on Iranian gardens, the analytical investigation of the role of gardens in the shaping of pavilions has not received significant attention. In this study, utilizing fractal geometry, we can observe and analyze architectural qualities with mathematical precision and greater detail. This approach aids in re-examining the visual perceptions of the pavilion structure and identifying the missing geometrical value of the garden. This article delves into the relationship between a pavilion and a garden through fractal geometry. The findings are discussed and explored to uncover the architectural complexities of pavilions, which are influenced by the garden and its natural surroundings. A historical garden named Fathabad in the city of Kerman was selected as the case of our study. Fractal dimension analysis is employed to analyze the two pavilions’ facades. The box-counting method was applied to measure the fractal dimensions of the facades at three scales. The results would reveal the relationship between each of the two pavilion facades and the garden. The findings indicate that while different facades share similar architectural elements, they exhibit diverse fractal dimensions. These dimensions reveal the position of each facade relative to the garden’s geometry, and the variable fractal dimension within each level signifies distinct relationships between the levels and the garden axes. Additionally, facades parallel to the main garden pond or those without a direct view exhibit a lower fractal dimension. Although facade openness can serve as a measure of its connection to nature, fractal analysis demonstrates that facades with multiple openings have varied relationships with the garden. Furthermore, the analysis of decorative elements reveals that in parts of the facade with fewer openings, ornamentation may be influenced by the garden’s natural features. In summary, fractal geometry elucidates how the garden and its elements impact different parts of the facades of the two pavilions.

Keywords

Fractal geometry
Persian garden geometry
Persian pavilion
Fathabad garden
Subjects
Agnès, P. & Francisca, L. M. (2021). The fractal dimension of Islamic and Persian four-folding gardens. Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00766-1.
Ardalan, N. & Bakhtiar, L. (1973). The sense of unity: The Sufi tradition in Persian architecture. University of Chicago press.
Benoit, M. (1977). Fractals: Form, chance and dimension. San Francisco, Freeman.
Bovill, C. (2007). Fractal geometry in design and architecture (M.A. Ashraf Ganjouei & H. Falah, Trans.). 1 (ed.). Shahid Bahonar University Press.
Capo, D. (2004). The fractal nature of the architectural orders. Nexus Network Journal, 6, 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-004-0004-9References
Crowe, S., Haywood, S., Jellicoe, S., & Patterson, G. (1972). The gardens of Mughul India: A history and a guide. Thames and Hudson.
Joye, Y. (2007). Fractal architecture could be good for you. Nexus Network Journal, 9, 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-007-0045-y
Khansari, M., Moghtader, M. R. & Yavari, M. (1998). The Persian garden: Echoes of paradise. Mage Publishers.
Lam, N. S. N. & De Cola, L. (1993). Fractals in geography. PTR Prentice Hall.Mage Publishers.
Laurie, M. (1975). An introduction to landscape architecture. American Elsevier Publishing Company.
Lorenz, W. E. (2002). Fractals and fractal architecture. Vienna University of Technology.
Mandelbrot, B. (1967). How long is the coast of Britain? Statistical self-similarity and fractional dimension. Science, 156(3775), 636–638. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.156.3775.636
Massoudi, A. (2009). Acquaintance with Iranian gardens Bagh-e Shazdeh. Faza Publication.
Naima, G. (2013). Iran’s gardens: What Iran is full of gardens, Khorram Bahar (5th ed.). Payam Publications.
Ostwald, M. J., & Vaughan, J. (2008). Determining the fractal dimension of the architecture of Eileen Gray. ANZAScA 2008, 9–16. https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/services/Download/uon:4272/ATTACHMENT04
Porter, E., Gleick, J. & Russek, J. (2001). Nature’s chaos. Viking.
Salingaros, N. A. (1999). Architecture, patterns, and mathematics. Nexus Network Journal, 1, 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-998-0006-0
Sharghi, A., Gandomani, Z. J. & Azizmoghadam, M. A. (2020). Comparative Study of Fractal Geometry Patterns in Iranian Garden and Landscape Architecture Case Study: Tabas Golshan Garden. Bagh-e Nazar, 17(85). https://doi.org/10.22034/BAGH.2019.164706.3927
Shen, G. (2002). Fractal dimension and fractal growth of urbanized areas. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 16(5), 419–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810210137013
Soltanzadeh, M., Hasheminezhad, A., Kehsavarz, M., AshrafGanjouei, M. & Golchin, H. (2015). History and architecture of Fath âbâd garden. Bahonar University Press.
Wilber, D. N. (1994). Persian gardens & garden pavilions. Tuttle Publishing.

Home

Submit Manuscript

Contact Us