Harandi Garden is one of the valuable historic gardens of Kerman. Despite its architectural and historical significance, previous studies have paid limited attention to its formal and spatial structure, particularly the relationship between the pavilion and the garden. This study aims to identify the spatial structure of the pavilion and its position in relation to the garden’s main axis, as well as to examine the similarities and differences between Harandi Garden and other prominent examples. To this end, it conducts a comparative study of four gardens: Biramabad, Fathabad, Shahzadeh Mahan, and Harandi. Using a mixed descriptive–analytical research method combined with architectural typology, the study examines and compares such components as the location and role of the main axis, the plan of the main pavilion, and its main façade.

While the findings indicate common characteristic of Kerman gardens, they show that, like the other gardens, Harandi Garden employs square geometry in both its plan and façade, as well as a five-part façade composition. However, in all of the gardens studied except Harandi Garden, the main axis plays an effective role in linking the garden entrance to the pavilion. Moreover, in these gardens, the first-floor façades of the pavilions establish a stronger visual relationship with nature than the ground floor through the use of semi-open spaces. Symmetry in plan and elevation, along with a central access pattern on the ground floor, are among the other shared features of these gardens. In contrast, Harandi Garden demonstrates fundamental changes in the role of the main axis and spatial organization compared with the other three gardens. These include reduced influence of main axis on the arrangement of garden elements and the symmetry of the main pavilion plan, a lack of symmetry in the main façade, and a shift in the access pattern from a central to a linear arrangement.