Language of Architecture, The mystery of symbols
Seyed-Amir
Mansouri
استادیار دانشکده معماری، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2018
per
Golden dome. Neither is this image a figure, nor a symbol; it is a content. It is replete with messages and codes narrating stories for most of Iranians. Architectural lessons or semiotic lessons are not necessary for creating such a mysterious content.The dome leads to a sacred "place". It stands on top of the central architectural element to manifest the identity, head, center and heart of the collection. The center of gravity in this semantic complex may not be located in the middle of its geographical location; however, the dome implies that this "place" is located in the center of the complex. Afterwards, the minarets are used to announce an event in the place. Something takes place in "here". Two minarets show that the "place" is located in here and guide the passersby to the complex.The golden color implies a holy event. Everything that is golden is worthy of honor and sincerity.The placement of these three elements alongside the charity narrate a tradition in the Islamic culture of Iran that have been the source of large economic infrastructure as well as scientific and economic collections throughout history.Today charity is believed to avoid the personal disasters; however, it used to be one of the most prominent ways of non-proprietary ownership to the public and social interest.Waqf and charity used to define a type of ownership and social participation whose present definition does not fit into the philosophy and the hidden capacities of the time. These contents are ignored in the contemporary world of elites, so that their complex message cannot be interpreted by the anodized aluminum domes any more.It is obvious that prevalent culture does not recognize Waqf tradition the same as the past. Nevertheless, its value is still respected though being manifested in public symbols to reveal its prominent truth, without reveling its meticulous and cognitive aspects. This manifestation of Persian landscape reveals that the ancient traditions still exist in socio-cultural life of Iranians, which has been narrated by architectural symbols and artistic heritage.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
9
v.
41
no.
2018
3
3
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_59538_a2e78b767bc0d9b416ee387c9ee2c3ef.pdf
Iranian Worldview and Axial Pattern in Persian Garden
Naser
Barati
Ph.D. in Urbanism, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin.
author
Ayda
Alehashemi
Ph.D. in Landscape Architecture, University of Tehran, Iran.
author
arman
minatour sajjadi
Ph.D. Candidate in Landscape Architecture, Nazar Research Center, Iran and University of Lille, France.
author
text
article
2018
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Persian Garden, as one of the most significant achievements of Iranian civilization in the world, is a reflection of Iranian worldview. During various epochs of time, numerous Iranian and foreign scholars have sought to attain a pattern or archetype in Persian garden. For a long time, "Chāhār- Bāgh" has been globally recognized as the prevalent pattern in Persian garden; a geometric pattern, which tries to be adapted to Iranian worldview and the promised paradise introduced in Islam on the basis of the quadruple worldview. This geometric pattern aims at justifying the formation of the quadruple division in Persian garden and introducing it as the original archetype of Persian garden.The development of studies on the spatial adaptation of this pattern and the various types of Persian garden, doubts that "Chāhār- Bāgh" pattern is the archetype of all Persian gardens. Recent studies of mostly Iranian researchers reveal that Persian garden is an axial garden rather than a quadruple divided garden, where the main axis plays a fundamental role in formation of its geometry. The results of this paper recognize that the formation of Persian garden pattern is based on the formation of the main axis which defines and configures a direction from the entrance to the pavilion. The adaptation of this pattern to the Iranian worldview is based on the movement from darkness to light and its subsequent triple division.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
9
v.
41
no.
2018
6
15
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_59539_52119328b5803b6d673cf89f8a8511b4.pdf
The Impact of Evolution Period on the Natural Landscape of Tehran
Seyed-Amir
Mansouri
استادیار دانشکده معماری، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران
author
Maryam
Mohseni Moghadam
Ph.D. candidate in Landscape Architecture, Nazar research laboratory, Iran & University of Paris8, France.
author
text
article
2018
per
Green accessible public spaces that could induce social and cultural interactions has long existed in the form of the holy shrine of Imamzadehs, pilgrimage-promenade places in Iran. The two elements of water and plants that are considered sacred and respectable in Iranian beliefs were sanctified due to adjacency to the holy shrines of the Imamzadehs. However, the green public space during the transition period from tradition to modernity in Pahlavi era, was designed in form of new urban parks similar to that of western countries. In spite of providing vaster green space, their estrangement with Iranian thoughts and beliefs led to their detachment from people. This paper aims at reviewing and comparing various features of green public space in traditional and modern periods, in order to scrutinize and analyze the reasons for detachment of the contemporary green spaces despite their increased per capita in urban spaces.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
9
v.
41
no.
2018
16
23
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_59540_717d14b1c3b805b299943ffdfd3acb36.pdf
The Potential of Urban Ecosystem Services Valuation as a Tool for Planning More Sustainable Cities
Mohammad Reza
Masnavi
Ph.D. in ArchitectureGraduate, University of Tehran, Iran.
author
Maryam
Dabiri
Ph.D. Candidate in Architecture, NAZAR Research Center, Tehran-Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Given the accelerating rate of urbanization worldwide, negative externalities have emerged. This awareness has led to rising demands of political and stakeholder communities to more comprehensively assess impacts of urban development projects on urban landscapes. The Ecosystem Services Valuation (ESV) is relatively a new approach which describes in the scholarly written literature as a good way to provide decision-makers with better choices in their decisions for sustainable city planning. This article explores the potential of urban ecosystem services for improving planning of urban development projects to reach more sustainable cities. First, important ecosystem services in urban areas are classified. Second, the study explores influential literature and their notions in the context of (ESV). Finally, the article analyzes how the ecosystem services valuation may inform urban planning. From the following review, it could be found that many urban ecosystem services have already been identified, characterized and valued. Also, they play a critical role in the human well-being and urban resiliency.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
9
v.
41
no.
2018
24
35
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_59541_9c8dab32dcc74a693830ef85f433f625.pdf
Assessing the Design Process of a Citizen-Centric City Center; Mountain Landscape in Persian New Poetry
keyvan
kiani
M.A. in Landscape Architecture, University of Tehran.
author
text
article
2018
per
Saint Petersburg as a tourist destination has done many efforts to accomplish two important objectives – tourism and social development. Accordingly, actions have been taken by the authorities to develop the city in both micro and macro scales. Developing tourism in this historical city has made the city sites meant for the citizens to be filled with tourists. Meanwhile, Palace Square (the old city center) couldn’t satisfy the social needs of the citizens and gradually became the tourist center of the city. If the development of city centers does not match the needs of the society, they will become abandoned and replaced with other spaces over time.Trying to build a new multi-functional city center, the authorities devolved the design of the city to well-known international design companies for three times. Hence, New Holland Island, the new city center of St. Petersburg, has a unique historical identity and various design stages, which in general, has been a very successful effort and people have accepted it very well. This paper is an attempt to examine and compare different design experiments made by successful international design companies which were never realized due to unconformity with the public needs. We also take a look at the new policy taken by the authorities after observing the actual interactions between the people and the site. The project was accomplished by West8 Company in 2014, according to the demands of the society and also considered opinions of the design team. This experiment can be a good prototype for the development process of Iran’s traditional cities. Hence, we can prevent chaos and preserve the identities of the cities and social interactions in the city by using citizen-based policies.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
9
v.
41
no.
2018
36
45
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_59542_6e433ae2cf2313f09c043d86c036fade.pdf
The Role of Natural Environment in Creating Sense of Place in the urban Resident
Mehdi
Sheybani
Professor at Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
author
Zahra
Poursoleiman Amiri
Nazar research Center
author
text
article
2018
per
Courtyards as original spaces in traditional houses, create a sense of place for the residents; these interstitial spaces, had a significant role in everyday activities and made the human-environment bonding possible in the traditional housing(whether between the buildings in the residential complex or between the internal space and the path or surrounding buildings). But in contemporary buildings as a result of dense population and reduction of land capitation, this vital element disappeared, and the form of everyday activities of this functio
nal space changed for other functions with the least spatial capitation; as a result, the human-environment bonding has also changed. However, due to the growing and inevitable need to construct apartments and residential complexes in contemporary societies, the purpose of this article is finding the lost human-environment bonding, and replacing the traditional courtyards with appropriate alternative functional and behavioral elements in the contemporary housing. The theory of the research based on the dialectic of indoor and outdoor spaces in traditional Iranian courtyards, relies on sense of place as the causes for resident's satisfaction and the qualitative factor for planning future housing.
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
9
v.
41
no.
2018
46
59
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_59543_f73374cb1f5b23b270d1a01b8b6d690c.pdf
City Entrance Parks
Faranak
Kolabi
M. A. in Urban Design, Qazvin Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
author
Manouchehr
Tabibian
Ph.D. in Urban Design, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2018
per
The purpose of this research is development the role of entrance gateway of cities according to the existing facilities at the margins with emphasis on marginal parks; the case study is Sorkh-e-Hesar Forest Park. According to this, different role of gateway for Sorkh-e Hesar Park was examined via distribution the questionnaire and LIKERT spectrum. In order to stablish the gateway Based on the bionic structure, two limited areas were chosen at the margins of Sorkh-e Hesar forest park that the area of its establishment in south side is 90442 m2 and in north side is 15422 m2. The total design of gateway plan is similar to a bird with wide wings and the design of gateway is similar to a fantasy pattern of a ram. The spaces for establishment of gateway are the spaces that are related to camping, rest and accommodation, residence, workshop, gas station, sidewalks, restaurant and security
MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape
پژوهشکدۀ هنر، معماری و شهرسازی نظر
2008-7446
9
v.
41
no.
2018
60
69
http://www.manzar-sj.com/article_59544_76fcd6fab821fb871753951fc4546e38.pdf